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MU Jornal
Volume 1

ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE AND THE ENGLISH LEXICON

ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE AND THE ENGLISH LEXICON: THE SCIENCE OF…

ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE AND THE ENGLISH LEXICON:THE SCIENCE OF ISLAMIC TERMS AND THE QUESTION OF EQUIVALENCE WITH ENGLISH WORDS. Author Hassan Sheikh Ahmed,Faculty of arts and Human Sciences,Mogadishu University ABSTRACT This study is a qualitative research on the concepts of Islamic knowledge and how they relate to the English lexicon. The locus of the research paper is the epistemic context of the concepts of Islamic knowledge and linguistic context of the English lexicon. The specific themes at the centre of the study are Islamic terms and English words.The Islamic epistemological context overarches the theme of Islamic terms and the linguistic context overarches the theme of English words. The paper elucidates the sources of the concepts of Islamic knowledge that provide the crucial context of discussing the Islamic terms. The study discusses the Islamic terms that symbolize and convey the concepts of Islamic knowledge and their meanings within the context of the Islamic epistemological tradition. The paper proceeds from there to delineate the conceptual variable formulated in the research that explains the question of the equivalence of these Islamic terms with English words. This conceptual variable makes a significant distinction by clarifying that the translation is from Islamic terms into English words; not between two languages. Having defined and explained the corpus of Islamic terms, the selected Islamic terms are then juxtaposed with the definitions of the English words that are regarded and usually used as their equivalents. The research examines the meanings of the English words comparing them with meanings of Islamic terms. The study shows that the meanings expressed by the Islamic terms, because they symbolize and convey the concepts of Islamic spiritual knowledge, are not captured by the English words. The conceptual system of the meanings of the Islamic terms come from the spiritual knowledge of Islam whilst the English words, though having concise and precise definitions and meanings in their linguistic context, indicate a temporal axiological orientation.

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April 25, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 2

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 3

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 4

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 5

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 6

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

MU Jornal
Volume 7

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

Read More »
April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

Read More »
May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

Read More »
April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia

Author Mr.Walid Abdulkadir Osman Alsha’bani Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mogadishu University. Khat Use Prevalence & Its Associated Factors among Men in Mogadishu, Somalia Abstract Khat, known in Somalia as “qaad” or “jaad”, is a plant whose leaves and stem tips are chewed for their stimulating effect. Khat use is widely found to be socially accepted habit in most of the countries geographically situated where the herbal drug is cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug. Khat has negative economic and health impact on the individuals engaging in the habit of khat chewing.There were no studies conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing in the study area. A cross sectional study was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents at a cluster sampling. Quantitative data analysis was used. This study took intoconsideration 385 respondents as sample size to determine feasible findings about topic under the study. In general, more than half of the participants were khat chewers and the majority of them reported that they chew khat three or more times per week. The prevalence of khat chewing is high among males aged 20 34 years in study area who are married, had informal education and had a total family income of USD < 100 per month. Finally, this study recommends increasing public awareness of the potential health hazards of khat chewing as well as integrating education about khat into the curricula of the primary and secondary schools in order to save the young generations and to encourage them to use other recreational things rather than khat chewing.

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May 8, 2022 No Comments

Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia

Author Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan, Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu University Barriers to the Use of ICt in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers encountered when introducing ICT in education in Mogadishu Secondary schools.The research assessed the influence of National/school education ICT policy and strategy; infrastructure availability, use and ease of access; and future support that teachers find useful. The paper has also reviewed a number of studies from different parts of the world and paid greater attention to those barriers existing within some of the developing countries. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling unit was 7 randomly selected schools from Mogadishu Secondary Schools. From each school fifteen teachers were selected for the questionnaire using random sampling technique. This made a total of 105 subjects as a whole. The data collection instruments used was an adopted questionnaires used by Department of Education and Training of Western Australia (WA). Data generated was analyzed and presented in tables and/or figures. The findings of the study have shown lack of government ICT policy and strategy and the response of many teachers also indicated that the educational system currently having resource level problems such as lack of adequate computers and other ICTs tools, poor internet connectivity, etc.This study concludes that the introduction of ICTs in education in Mogadishu schools is between emerging and applying stages and it is important to take measures to overcome the identified barriers in order to pass to the next stages and towards reaching the top most. Finally the paper suggested recommendations to the concerned stakeholders.

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May 8, 2022 No Comments

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia

The Use of Social Networking Technologies among the Undergraduate Students of Mogadishu University, Mogadishu- Somalia Author Mr. Abdulkadir Jeilani Mohamoud, Lecturer of Fucalty of Computer &Iinformation TechnologyMogadishu University Abstract There are many potential social networking sites among the undergraduate students of Mogadishu University. The objectives of this study is to identify various categories of social networking sites used byMU undergraduate, to recognize their purposes of using social networking sites, the benefits of using social networking, to identify the dangers of this social networks and final to examine the strategies forprotecting the risks of using social networking sites. The study used for descriptive statistics which was employed to derive responses from a sample size of 135 undergraduate students of Mogadishu University who were selected via random sampling techniques. Data was collected from this population using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The questionnaire derived from Nigeria, Nsukka made by the following scholars Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D.),Nneka Jennifer Odoh. The results seems that majority of students are using social networking sites in interaction with friends, connecting to their class mates for discussing serious issues and watching movies. There are also benefits and threats when using social networking sites, such threats can be prevent using the strategies available in the work. Drawn from the findings, it was recommended that university Authorities should request to the lectures of the course introduction to computer to add some specific topics relevant social networking sites.

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April 27, 2022 No Comments

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment of Water Supply…

Trend-line Analysis and Severity Assessment ofWater Supply and Sanitation (WSS) of Rural andUrban Area in Somalia Author Eng. Abdirahman Ismail Dhaqane,Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University Eng. Aminul Islam Sohan, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Mogadishu University. Abstract Due in large part to rapid urban population growth in Somalia, this growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation. This paper aims to characterize trends in access to water and sanitation in Somalia and recognize factors affecting those trends by the determination of severity score. The analyzed water supply and sanitation (WSS) coverage data from the year 1995 to 2010 was collected from Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) which is organized by renowned organizations WHO and UNICEF. From the available data can be predicted the future situation. The urban of country was found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation. In urban areas from 1995 to 2010, it increases from 24% to 70% of total improvedwater supply and reducing the amount of time spent collecting water andr educing open defecation. 80% urban people have access to the total improved sanitation. The urban area achieved the lowest severity score than rural and total Somalia. On the contrary, in the rural area, people do not have adequate improved water supply opportunity and sanitation facility. 91% rural people are deprived of safe water where 41% of rural populations are dependent only on surface water without any treatment or purification. It is also found that 83% of rural people practice open defecation and unfortunately this rate is increasing day by day. As a result, the rural area got the maximum severity score. Safe water access and sustainable sanitation is a burning need in Somalia. Especially the rural area is the most vulnerable study area in WSS sector. Development organizations should be concerned about thesituation and it can be prescribed to raise more WASH (Water supply and Sanitation Hygienic) activities in Somalia. Keyword: water, sanitation, trend line, Somalia, open defecation, rural, urban, improved, unimproved Go to MU Reseach Home

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April 26, 2022 No Comments

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